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- 2010-12-20
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英文版
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and foraminal decompression (PELD(D) technology development in 中国
Xifeng Zhang, M.D.
The Chinese General Hospital of PLA.
No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing,中国 100853
Introduction
Nonsurgical treatment of low back pain has been a mainstay of Chinese traditional medicine that incorporated physical medicine rehabilitation modalities, Chinese massage, acupuncture, and other non-invasive eastern techniques. With the recent influence of Western culture and Western treatment techniques, however, new advanced methods for treating low back pain has spread to 中国. One of these techniques, Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and foraminal decompression (PELD(D)technology has flourished in recent years. This article chronicles the evolution and effect of the boom.
The Evolution of MIS Decompression
Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy (PELD) technology was introduced simultaneously from Japan and the United states by Hijikata and Kambin in the early 1980s. Originally called Arthroscopic Microdiscectomy (AMD), the access portal was a foraminal discectomy technique through a “safe” access portal traversing a trianglular zone bordered by the facet and foraminal ligament dorsally, the exiting nerve ventrally and the endplate of lumbar segment caudally. The portal was called “Kambin’s Triangle”. Lumbar discectomy was accomplished using a manual discectomy – rotary shaver aspiration technique with co-axial fluoroscopic guidance. Dr.Tian, a surgeon in 中国,had described treating lumbar disc herniation patients percutaneously with a non-coaxial AMD technique. The technique, however, was not widely recognized and applied.
In 1997, Dr Anthony Yeung introduced his transforaminal endoscopic procedure using a multi-channel, flow integrated spine scope system (YESS) that consisted of a rod-lens operating spine scope. His coaxial endoscopic technique, incorporating a standard protocol for safe needle placement, emphasized endoscopic visualization and treatment of patho-anatomy. Yeung first introduced his technique to 中国 in at the 306 Military hospial under the guidance of Dr. Dewei Zou. Zou then adopted and applied this technology in 中国 and subsequently published more than 200 cases of his treatment outcomes. In 1998, Dr. Qiu in Taiwan also followed Anthony Yeung’s method. He subsequently reported the outcomes of more than 1000 cases. In 2003, Xifeng Zhang visited Anthony Yeung to learn the technology and technique. Not having access to Yeung’s flexible shavers and custom surgical instruments, Zhang independently incorporated a variety of foraminal and transcanal approaches to improve access to targeted patho-anatomy. He applied modified angles and trajectories with Yeung’s specialized access cannulas for various disc herniations. Zhang launched and studied the risks and safety margin of a Far and Extreme lateral approach promoted by Ruetten due to Yeung’s concern about the extreme lateral approach in patients with different morphologic habitus. Study findings on the risks and safety of the extreme lateral approach were first presented at the SAS annual meeting in Berlin. Zhang later utilized an endoscopic trans-laminar approach for HNP at the lumbar L5-S1 level because the Chinese population had a disproportionate percentage of small patients and a narrow, high iliac crest. With this approach he was able to carry out percutaneous endoscopic posterolateral fusion and intelaminar fusion. His PELD(D) cases so far total 680 cases. Good/Excellent results were obtained with a follow-up rate of 89.2%. The technique soon spread in and outside Beijing as several Chinese spine conferences helped promote and expand the technology. PELD(D) rapidly gained general recognition and acceptance as a desired standard of care. In April 2007, Dr. Yue Zhou of Chongging organized the First Percutaneous Transforaminal International symposium. In June 2007, Dr. Guohua Lu held the Second National Conference on Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in Changsha, also presenting an International Forum on endoscopic spinal surgery. In September 2008, the meeting was organized again in Chongqing, for the Third National Conference on Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery. In April 2010, Beijing 301 Hospital organized the 2010 International Spine Surgery Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery with study courses. These meetings have caused PELD(D) technology in 中国 to become widely accepted. The technique continues to evolve to include other painful degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. Thanks to Dr Anthony Yeung’s introduction of endoscopic technical inventions, his creation, expansion, and teaching the technique, and his perseverance and promotion in 中国, endoscopic MIS surgery is becoming part of mainstream spine care in 中国. The current technology brings proficiency, efficacy, and standardization of the technique in a way where MIS surgeries can be performed earlier in the lumbar disease process because of endoscopic recognition of patho-anatomy and patho physiology of the pain generator ranging from discogenic pain, to disc herniations and foraminal stenosis. most surgeries can be completed within 1 hour. Dr Zhang has, in 1 day, successfully performed up to 10 operations. Because of the many advantages of endoscopic techniques, such as less trauma, rapid recovery, and a minimal complication rate, this technology is being increasingly welcomed by Chinese doctors. In just a few years, 中国 now has hundreds of hospitals with endoscopic equipment. The basics of the transforaminaltechnique continues to evolve with the introduction of a relatively inexpensive disposable spine kit for highly selected clinical situations. This will improve access to millions of Chinese who is not benefited by non-surgical traditional treatment . I believe in this technology is ideal for 中国, as it will reach more people who are currently underserved.
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